4 Markup languages

TEI as XML

4.1 Procedural vs. Descriptive Markup

• Procedural (HTML): Visual, typographic, representation; WYSWYG: What You See is ALL you Get.

<bold>Miguel de Cervantes</bold> wrote <italic>Don Quixote</italic>

• Descriptive (XML): Markup Semantic, funcional, structured; Meaning before format.

<name>Miguel de Cervantes</name> wrote <title>Don Quixote</title>

4.2 XML Golden Rules

XML Element terminology:

<tag attribute="value">data</tag>

• An element consists of a start-tag, optional content, and an end-tag

<persName>Miguel de Cervantes</persName>

• An element may have attributes, each consisting of a name and a value.

<name type="person">Miguel de Cervantes</name>

• An XML document may contain processing instructions or comments

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="visualize-tei-xml.css"?>

<!-- This is a comment: here starts the first sonnet -->

• Elements and attributes are case sensitive.

<name> != <Name>

• Empty elements can use a minimized tag syntax.

<pb/> = <pb></pb>

4.2.1 No overlapping

  ├── TEI
    ├── teiHeader
      ├── fileDesc
      ├── encodingDesc
    ├── text
      ├── front
      ├── body
        ├── head
        ├── div  
      ├── back
        

4.3 Text Encoding Initiative: TEI

• Development of markup for texts;
• International standard;
• Interchange of data;
• Platform independence;
• Preservation;
• Research community.

TEI Consortium and Guidelines: https://tei-c.org